Possibly Paolo Giovio (died 1552), Como [on the basis of a letter from Giovio to Rodolfo Pio dated August 20, 1535 that states, “…e io vi mandarò il bravo ritratto di Barbarossa, il quale ho qui…”, see Klinger and Raby 1989, p. 48]. Private collection, Treviso [according to registrar’s records]. Carlo Foresti, Milan, by 1930 [according to an undated document in curatorial files]; sold by Foresti to Charles H. Worcester, Chicago, 1930 [according to document cited above]; given to the Art Institute, 1947.