The Stronghold

• International Exhibition of Modern Art, exh. cat. (Association of American Painters and Sculptors, Inc., 1913), n.p., cat. 463.
• International Exhibition of Modern Art, 2nd ed., exh. cat. (Association of American Painters and Sculptors, Inc., 1913), n.p., cat. 382.
• Arthur Jerome Eddy, Cubists and Post-Impressionism (A. C. McClurg, 1914), p. 85.
• Exhibition of Paintings from the Collection of the Late Arthur Jerome Eddy, exh. cat. (Art Institute of Chicago, 1922), n.p., cat. 15.
• Exhibition of the Arthur Jerome Eddy Collection of Modern Paintings and Sculpture, exh. cat. (Art Institute of Chicago, 1931), p. 24, cat. 17.
• A Guide to the Paintings in the Permanent Collection (Art Institute of Chicago, 1932), p. 172.
• C. J. Bulliet, “The Eddy Gift to Chicago,” Creative Art 10 (March 1932), p. 216.
• José-Augusto Franca, Amadeo de Souza Cardoso (Sul, 1956), pp. 61; 63, cat. 9 (as Fortaleza); n.p. (ill.).
• “A exposição de Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso,” Jornal de Notícias, May 11, 1956.
• Paintings in The Art Institute of Chicago: A Catalogue of the Picture Collection (Art Institute of Chicago, 1961), p. 421.
• Milton W. Brown, The Story of the Armory Show (New York Graphic Society, 1963), pp. 100; 292, cat. 463; n.p. (ill.).
• Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1913 Armory Show—50th Anniversary Exhibition, exh. cat. (Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1963), pp. 81 (ill.); 205, cat. 463.
• Paris—New York, exh. cat. (Centre national d’art et de culture Georges Pompidou, 1977), p. 719.
• Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz, “The Art Institute of Chicago: The First Forty Years/2,” Chicago History: The Magazine of the Chicago Historical Society VIII, no. 1 (Spring 1979), p. 12 (color ill.).
• A. James Speyer and Courtney Graham Donnell, Twentieth-Century European Paintings (Chicago, 1980), p. 71, cat. 4A5 (microfiche ill.).
• Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso: A Primeira Descoberta de Portugal: Na Europa no Século XX, exh. cat. (Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1983), n.p. (ill., as Chateau fort).
• José-Augusto França, Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso: o português à força & Almada Negreiros: o português sem mestre (Bertrand, 1986), p. 35.
• Paul Kruty, “Arthur Jerome Eddy and his Collection: Prelude and Postscript to the Armory Show,” Arts Magazine 61, no. 6 (February 1987), pp. 43, 46n34.
• Eurico Gonçalves, “Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso (1887-1918): O primeiro pintor moderno português,” Cultura, Diário de Notícias, May 6, 1993, pp.10-11.
• Paulo Ferreira, Amadeo de Souza Cardoso: Peintre Portugais, 1887–1918 (Fundação Calouste Gulkenkian, 1995), pp. 99, 133.
• Laurette E. McCarthy, “Walter Pach: Artist, Critic, Historian, and Agent of Modernism,” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Delaware, 1996, pp. 114, 126n58.
• Amadeo de Souza Cardoso, exh. cat. (Fundación Juan March, 1998), p. 79.
• The Corcoran Gallery of Art, At the Edge: A Portuguese Futurist, Amadeo de Souza Cardoso, exh. cat. (Washington D. C.: The Corcoran Gallery of Art, 1999), pp. 32; 83; 91; 92; 125 (ill.); 191, cat. 10.
• Robert J. Loescher, “A Neglected Modernist,” Art in America 88, no. 9 (September 2000), p. 139.
• Mondrian/Amadeo: da paisagem à abstracção/from landscape to abstraction, exh. cat. (Museu de Arte Contemporânea de Serralves, 2001), p. 103.
• Centro de Arte Moderna José de Azeredo Perdigão, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Amadeo de Souza Cardoso: Diálogo de Vanguardas/Avant-Garde Dialogues (Centro de Arte Moderna José de Azeredo Perdigão, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2006), pp. 15; 16; 35; 36; 41; 42; 341, cat. 10; 369; 370; 381; 382; 402; 403; 459; 460; 495 (ill.); n.p. (color ill.).
• Helena de Freitas, ed., Catálogo Raisonné: Amadeo de Souza Cardoso (Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian; Assírio & Alvim, 2008), pp. 165-67, cat. P30 (color ill.).
• Helena de Freitas, ed., Catálogo Raisonné: Amadeo de Souza Cardoso, 2nd ed. (Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2016), pp. 165-67, cat. P30 (color ill.).

• New York, International Exhibition of Modern Art, Feb. 17–Mar. 15, 1913, cat. 463 (as Chateau fort); Art Institute of Chicago, Mar. 24–Apr. 16, 1913 (cat. 382).
• Art Institute of Chicago, Exhibition of Paintings from the Collection of the Late Arthur Jerome Eddy, Sept. 19–Oct. 22, 1922, cat. 15.
• Art Institute of Chicago, Exhibition of the Arthur Jerome Eddy Collection of Modern Paintings and Sculpture, Dec. 22, 1931–Jan. 17, 1932, cat. 17.
• Utica, N.Y., Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1913 Armory Show—50th Anniversary Exhibition 1963, Feb. 17–Mar. 31, 1963, cat. 463; New York, Armory of the 69th Regiment, Apr. 6–28, 1963.
• Washington D. C., Corcoran Gallery of Art, At the Edge: A Portuguese Futurist, Amadeo de Souza Cardoso, Sept. 11–Nov. 28, 1999, cat. 10; Arts Club of Chicago, Jan. 20–Mar. 17, 2000.
• Lisbon, Centro de Arte Moderna José de Azeredo Perdigão, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Amadeo de Souza Cardoso: Diálogo de Vanguardas/Avant-Garde Dialogues, Nov. 15, 2006–Jan.14, 2007, cat. 10.
• New York Historical Society, The Armory Show at 100, Oct. 11, 2013–Feb. 23, 2014.
• Paris, Galeries nationales d’exposition du Grand Palais, Paris, Amadeo de Souza Cardoso, Apr. 20–July 18, 2016.

The artist; sold through Walter Pach, New York, to Arthur Jerome Eddy (1859-1920), Chicago, Apr. 10, 1913 [letter to the artist, May 2, 1913, Walter Kuhn papers, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, copy in curatorial object file; McCarthy 1996; Washington 1999]; by descent to his wife Lucy O. Eddy (1863-1931) and son Jerome O. Eddy (1891-1951), Chicago, 1920; given to the Art Institute of Chicago, 1931.