After spending 18 months in New Mexico, Marsden Hartley returned to New York in 1919, but he continued to paint the Southwest from memory, concluding that true American color existed only in autumnal New England and arid New Mexico. In Landscape No. 3, Cash Entry Mines, New Mexico, soaring mountains tower over mines, minimizing the industrial fate of the landscape. Drawing on the thinking of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Walt Whitman, and the Hudson River School painters, Hartley hoped that nature would overwhelm and control industry, rather than the reverse. Alfred Stieglitz exhibited this painting in his gallery An American Place.
Signed and dated lower right: Marsden Hartley / 1920
Dimensions
70.6 × 90.8 cm (27 3/4 × 35 3/4 in.)
Credit Line
Alfred Stieglitz Collection
Reference Number
1949.549
Extended information about this artwork
Ernst W. Watson, “Two Painters, A Study in Contrasts,” American Artist 9 (May 1945),,12–18 (ill.).
Paintings in the Art Institute of Chicago (Art Institute of Chicago, 1961), 212.
Gail R. Scott, Marsden Hartley (Abbeville Press, 1988).
Jeanne Hokin, Pinnacles and PyraMich.ds (University of New Mexico, 1993), 43–45, pl. 10.
Arnold Skolnick, ed., Paintings of the Southwest, (Clarkson Potter Publishers, 1994), 62 (ill.).
Colleen Carroll, “How Artists See the Elements” (Abbeville Press, date unknown).
Judith A. Barter et al., American Modernism at the Art Institute of Chicago, From World War I to 1955, (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago/Yale University Press, 2009), cat. 22.
New York City, Museum of Modern Art, “Lyonel Feninger, Marsden Hartley,” 1944, p. 70 (ill.).
New York City, Museum of Modern Art, “Alfred Stiegliz: His Collection,” Jun 10– Aug 31, 1947, no cat.
New York City, Whitney Museum of Art, “Marsden Hartley,” Mar 4–May 25, 1980, pl. 88; traveled to Art Institute of Chicago, Jun 10–Aug 3, 1980, Fort Worth, Amon Carter Museum of Western Art, Sep 5–Oct 26, 1980, Berkeley, University of California Art Museum, Nov 12, 1980–Jan 4, 1981.
Santa Fe, Georgia O'Keeffe Museum, The Search for an American Modernism: Marsden Hartley and New Mexico, Jan 25–May 11, 2008.
Brooklyn Museum of Art, Youth and Beauty: Art of the American Twenties, Oct 28, 2011–Jan 22, 2012; traveled to Dallas Museum of Art, Feb 24–May 27, 2012; Cleveland Museum of Art, Jul 1–Sep 16, 2012.
Alfred Stieglitz Collection, New York; bequeathed through Georgia O'Keeffe to The Art Institute of Chicago, 1949.
Object information is a work in progress and may be updated as new research findings emerge. To help improve this record, please email .
