Chariot Race

• Jean-Léon Gérôme, Les Œuvres de J. –L. Gérôme, vol. 21 (Paris, Goupil, [n.d.]), no. 10.
• “The Art Gallery: A List of the Pictures in Mr. Stewart’s Collection,” New York Times (April 12, 1876), p. 8.
• Charles F. Briggs, “Alexander Turney Stewart,” The Independent (April 20, 1876), p. 1.
• “Alexander Turney Stewart,” Frank Leslie’s Popular Monthly 1, 6 (1876), no pag.
• Frédéric Vors, “Jean Léon Gérôme,” The Art Amateur 1, 4 (1879), p. 71.
• “Private Galleries: Collection of the Estate of Alexander Turney Stewart,” The Art Amateur 1, 6 (1879), p. 117.
• Jean-Léon Gérôme and Edward Strahan, ed., Gérôme: A Collection of the Works of J.L. Gérôme in One Hundred Photogravures, vol. 2, section 8 (New York: S.L. Hall, 1881), no pag. (ill.).
• “Gérôme as a Draughtsman,” The Art Amateur 6, 3 (1882), p. 52.
• Ernest Knaufft, “Art Chat: The Stewart Collection II,” The Theatre 2, 25 (1887), p. 426.
• “Art Notes,” The Critic: A Weekly Review of Literature and the Arts (April 2, 1887), p. 170.
• “Art Notes and News: The A. T. Stewart Collection,” The Art Interchange (March 12, 1887), p. 81.
• “The A. T. Stewart Collection,” The Art Amateur 16, 3 (1887), p. 56.
• “The Stewart Art Sale,” New York Evangelist (March 21, 1887), p. 8.
• Fanny Field Hering, Gérôme: The Life and Works of Jean Léon Gérôme (New York: Cassell Publishing Company, 1892), p. 229 (ill.), p. 236.
• Henry James, Parisian Sketches, Letters to the New York Tribune, 1875–1876 (New York: New York University Press, 1957; repr. 1978), pp. 98–99.
• William R. Johnston, The Nineteenth Century Paintings in the Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore: The Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1982), p. 104, under no. 108.
• Art Institute of Chicago, Annual Report 1983–84 (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1984), p. 45.
• Gerald M. Ackerman, The Life and Work of Jean-Léon Gérôme with a Catalogue Raisonné (London: Sotheby’s Publications, 1986), pp. 108, 123 (ill.), 238, no. 248; French translation (Courbevoie: ACR edition, 2000), pp. 112, 130 (ill.), 131, 286–87, cat. 248, fig. 248.
• Richard R. Brettell, French Salon Artists 1800–1900 (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago and New York: H.N. Abrams, 1987), pp. 98 (detail ill.), 99, 101 (ill.), 118.
• Jack Perry Brown, “The Return of the Salon: Jean Léon Gérôme in the Art Institute,” Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies 15, 2 (1989), pp. 155–57, 162–65, 180–81 ns. 12, 16, 20, 21, figs. 1, 9.
• LaVahn G. Hoh and William R. Rough, Step Right Up!: The Adventure of Circus in America (White Hall, Virginia: Betterway Publications, 1990), p. 35 (ill.).
• Art Institute of Chicago, Treasures of 19th- and 20th-Century Painting (New York: Abbeville Press, 1993), pp. 8, 68 (ill.).
• Gerald M. Ackerman, Jean-Léon Gérôme: His Life and Work, 1834–1904 (Courbevoie: ACR edition, 1997), pp. 122, 127 (ill.).
• Ivo Blom, “Quod vadis? From Painting to Cinema and Everything in Between,” in Leonardo Quaresima and Laura Vichi, La decimal musa: il cinema e le altre atri (Udine: Università degli Studi di Udine, 2001), p. 292 n. 33.
• Nicholas Horsfall, The Culture of the Roman Plebs (London: Duckworth, 2003), front cover (ill.).
• Marcus Junkelmann, Hollywoods Traum von Rom: “Gladiator” und die Tradition des Monumentalfilms (Mainz am Rhein: P. von Zabern, 2004), p. 259, fig. 148.
• Christie’s, London, 19th Century European Art Including Orientalist and Spanish Art, Featuring an Important Private Orientalist Collection, sale cat. (Christie’s, July 2, 2008), p. 240, under lot. 167.
• Marc Gotlieb, “Gérôme’s Cinematic Imagination,” in Scott Allan and Mary Morton, eds., Reconsidering Gérôme (Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2010), pp. 57–59, 61, fig. 10.

Dayton, Ohio, Dayton Art Institute, Jean-Léon Gérôme (1814–1904), November 10–December 30, 1972, no. 27; traveled to Minneapolis Institute of Arts, January 26–March 11, 1973; Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, April 6–May 20, 1973.

Alexander Turney Stewart (died 1876), New York; his widow, Cornelia M. Stewart, New York (died 1886); sold American Art Association, New York, March 23, 1887, lot 60, to Henry Hilton for $7,100 [buyer according to New York Evangelist 1887; price according to an annotated sale catalogue in the Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie, The Hague]; Henry Hilton (died 1899), New York. E. H. van Ingen (died 1920), New York; his estate; sold Anderson Galleries, New York, January 24, 1928, lot 145, to Clapp & Graham Co., New York, for $2,100 [buyer according to a letter from Clapp & Graham Co. to George F. Harding Jr. dated March 8, 1928, copy in curatorial file; price according to an annotated copy of the sale catalogue in Ryerson Library, Art Institute]; Clapp & Graham Co.; sold to George F. Harding Jr. (died 1939), Chicago, November 9, 1928 [according to the receipt of sale, copy in curatorial file]; bequeathed to The George F. Harding Museum, Chicago; transferred to the Art Institute, 1984.